Rhizopus Ehrenb., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 10: 198 (1821) Background Rhizopus is classified in the subphylum Mucoromycotina, class Mucoromycetes, order Mucorales and family Rhizopodaceae (Wijayawardene et al, 2018, 2020). The genus is one of the most diverse and constitutes an important genus within...
Pythium Pringsh., Jb. wiss. Bot. 1: 304 (1858) Background Pythium is the largest and most comprehensively studied genus in Pythiaceae sensu lato, order Peronosporales sensu lato, class Peronosporomycetes, phylum Oomycota, and kingdom Straminipila (Beakes et al. 2014). Pringsheim (1858) described the genus. However, the initial classification of...
Phytophthora de Bary, J. Roy. Agric. Soc. England, ser. 2 12: 240 (1876) Background Phytophthora is classified in the kingdom Straminipila within the diploid, alga-like Oomycetes in the Stramenopile clade of the Kingdom Chromista (Cavalier-Smith 1986; Dick 1995; Yoon et al. 2002; Wijayawardene et al. 2020). Phytophthora...
Mucor Fresen., Beitr. Mykol. 1: 7 (1850) Background Mucor belongs to the order Mucorales, which is among one of the most studied groups of early diverging lineages of fungi. The genus has the largest number of species within the order and half of the sequences submitted...
Colletotrichum Corda, in Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 3(12): 41 (1831) Background Colletotrichum was introduced by Corda (1831), belonging to Glomerellaceae (Glomerellales, Sordariomycetes), and is the sole member of this family (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016; Hyde et al. 2020b). Species may occupy different lifestyles,...
Cladosporium Link, Mag. Gesell. naturf. Freunde, Berlin 7: 37 (1816) [1815] Background Cladosporium belongs to Cladosporiaceae in the order Capnodiales (Hyde et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2017). Established in 1816 with C. herbarum as type species, Cladosporium is one of the largest genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes....
Wojnowiciella Crous, Hern.-Restr.& M.J. Wingf., Persoonia 34, 201 (2015) Background Wojnowiciella was introduced by Crous et al. (2015) to include Wojnowiciella eucalypti which exhibited somewhat similar morphological characteristics to Wojnowicia, such as setose pycnidia, with ampulliform, enteroblastic, phialidic conidiogenous cells, but differed with apapillate conidiomata lacking setae...
Thyrostroma Höhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 120: 472 (1911) Background Thyrostroma belongs to Dothidotthiaceae of Pleosporales in Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota (Hongsanan et al. 2020). Thyrostroma was established by Höhnel (1911) and is typified by T. compactum. Thyrostroma had been treated as a...
Stemphylium Wallr., Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae 2: 300 (1833) Background Stemphylium mainly comprises saprobes or weak plant pathogens (Woudenberg et al. 2017). However, some species are primary pathogens causing leaf blight on various crops, resulting in yield and economic losses (Hanse et al. 2015; Brahmanage et al. 2018)....
Pseudoseptoria Speg., Anal. Mus. nac. B. Aires, Ser. 3 13: 388 (1910) [1911] Background Spegazzini (1910) introduced Pseudoseptoria as an asexual genus typified with Pseudoseptoria donacicola. Wijayawardene et al. (2012) placed the genus under Ascomycota, genera incertae sedis. Quaedvlieg et al. (2013) placed the genus in Dothioraceae...
Phellinus Quél., Enchir. fung. (Paris): 172 (1886) Background Phellinus was introduced by Quélet (1886) with P. igniarius (≡ Boletus igniarius) as its type species (Murrill 1903) and is placed in Hymenochaetaceae (He et al. 2019). Traditionally, most poroid Hymenochaetaceae were placed in Phellinus, which has been characterized...
Nothophoma Qian Chen & L. Cai, Stud. Mycol. 82: 212 (2015) Background Nothophoma was introduced by Chen et al. (2015b) by transferring five Phoma species. Species are saprobes and pathogens. In addition, to the phytopathogens, N. gossypiicola has been isolated from clinical samples of humans in the...
Neoerysiphe U. Braun, Schlechtendalia 3: 50 (1999) Background Neoerysiphe was classified in section Galeopsidis within Erysiphe. Phylogenetic analysis, however, showed Erysiphe to be polyphyletic, and Galeopsidis was raised to generic rank (Takamatsu et al. 1998; Braun 1999; Saenz and Taylor 1999). Therefore, in the current classification Neoerysiphe belongs to...
Meliola Fr., Syst. orb. veg. (Lundae) 1: 111 (1825) Background Meliola commonly known as “black mildews” or “dark mildews” is the largest genus of Meliolaceae (Hongsanan et al. 2015; Zeng et al. 2017). Fries (1825) established this genus, with the type species M. nidulans. Species in Meliola...
Heterobasidion Bref., Unters. Gesammtgeb.Mykol. (Liepzig) 8: 154 (1888) Background Heterobasidion was introduced by Brefeld (1888) and is typified by H. annosum (≡ Polyporus annosus). Certain Heterobasidion species are important forest pathogens of the Northern Hemisphere, causing root and butt rot, mainly in conifers (Woodward et al. 1998)....
Golovinomyces (U. Braun) V.P. Heluta, Biol. Zh. Armenii 41: 357 (1988) Background Braun (1978) introduced Golovinomyces as a section of Erysiphe sensu lato and Heluta (1988a) raised it to genus rank. Braun (1999) and Braun and Takamatsu (2000) accepted Golovinomyces as a distinct genus and established a new tribe,...
Ganoderma P. Karst., Revue mycol., Toulouse 3(no. 9): 17 (1881) Background Ganoderma was established by Karsten (1881) based on G. lucidum and characterized by double-walled basidiospores with truncate apices and ornamented endospores, and a crusty or shiny pileus surface (Moncalvo and Ryvarden 1997). This genus was divided...
Fomitopsis P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 6: 9 (1881) Background Fomitopsis was established by Karsten (1881) based on four species, with F. pinicola as the generic type (Murrill 1903; Donk 1960). The genus has a cosmopolitan distribution and comprises species causing brown rot on both...
Erysiphaceae Tul. & C. Tul. [as 'Erysiphei'], Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 1: [191] (1861) Background Powdery mildews belong to Erysiphales of Ascomycota (Mori et al. 2000). Powdery mildews are one of the most prevalent and easily recognizable of plant diseases (Glawe 2008). Mucor erysiphe, published by...
Dothidotthia Höhn., Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft 36: 312 (1918) Background Dothidotthia was assigned to Botryosphaeriaceae, because of its coelomycetous asexual morph, and characteristic peridium, pseudoparaphyses and asci (Barr 1989). Ramaley (2005) reported that Thyrostroma is the asexual morph of Dothidotthia based on the production of hyphomycetes...
